Innovations in biomedical imaging have historically led to discoveries in the life sciences and new detection and diagnostic technologies in medicine and surgery. It is now possible to microscopically image cells and tissues without having to biopsy and take tissue out, process the tissue, add stains, and have a pathologist look at the microscope slide in the pathology lab days later. Instead, it is possible to perform “optical biopsies” in real-time and image fresh, unstained, resected tissue specimens, or even image living tissue in the body and watch cells move around dynamically in and around a tumor. This novel imaging technology offers a wealth of biomarkers for revealing the true colors of cancer and diagnosing disease.